染雾全国职称英语考试理工类AB级课堂笔记第10讲: 阅读理解 篇一
Today in class, we focused on improving our reading comprehension skills for the upcoming professional qualification exam. The instructor emphasized the importance of being able to understand and analyze complex technical texts in English, as this is a key component of the exam.
We started by discussing strategies for approaching reading comprehension questions, such as skimming the text to get a general idea of the content before diving into the details. The instructor also highlighted the importance of paying attention to keywords and context clues to help us better understand the main ideas of the passage.
After the discussion, we were given a practice reading comprehension passage to work on individually. The passage was about the latest advancements in renewable energy technology, and we had to answer a series of questions based on the information provided in the text. This exercise helped us practice identifying key information, making inferences, and drawing conclusions from the text.
Overall, the class was very informative and useful in helping us improve our reading comprehension skills. By practicing with different types of technical texts and answering questions based on them, we are better preparing ourselves for the challenges of the professional qualification exam.
全国职称英语考试理工类AB级课堂笔记第10讲: 阅读理解 篇二
In today's class on reading comprehension, we focused on the importance of developing critical thinking skills when analyzing technical texts. The instructor emphasized the need to not only understand the information presented in the passage, but also to evaluate the validity of the arguments and draw logical conclusions based on the evidence provided.
We practiced applying these skills by working on a series of reading comprehension questions that required us to identify assumptions, evaluate arguments, and make inferences from the text. The passage we worked on was about the impact of artificial intelligence on the future of work, and we had to carefully analyze the author's claims and provide evidence to support our answers.
Through this exercise, we learned how to approach reading comprehension questions with a critical mindset, questioning the assumptions and logic behind the arguments presented in the text. By developing these critical thinking skills, we are better equipped to not only pass the professional qualification exam, but also to apply our knowledge in real-world situations.
Overall, today's class was challenging but rewarding, as it helped us improve our ability to analyze and evaluate technical texts with a critical eye. We look forward to continuing to practice these skills in preparation for the exam.
全国职称英语考试理工类AB级课堂笔记第10讲: 阅读理解 篇三
前言 Ø 阅读理解出题特点： 2004年理工A/B阅读理解题： B: U.S. blacks hard-hit by cancerCrystal Ear
Technology transfer in Germany 比较： 2002年理工B阅读理解题： A Thirsty World Nonverbal Thinking in Engineering *(补全短文部分练习题) Black Holes 2003年理工B阅读理解题： New Foods and The New World *(阅读理解部分练习题) Please fasten your seatbelts*(阅读理解部分练习题) “Salty” rice plant boosts harvest 小结：理工B在阅读理解部分的选题上通常出现的文章在主题上呈现多样性，但至少有一篇文章是与科技（网络和计算机是值得注意的选题之一）有关，其余文章在主题上可能涉及到社会，文化，自然地理（自然灾难和环境保护是值得注意的选题）。三篇文章的难度通常是由易到难，通常会出现1-2篇文章“直接”来自职称用书。 A: Technology transfer in GermanySuperconducting ceramic(陶瓷)
The science of the future 比较： 2002年理工A阅读理解题： valuing childhood Hacking *(阅读理解部分练习题) Space-Age Archeology 2003年理工A阅读理解题： “Salty” rice plant boosts harvest Living with computer *(阅读理解部分练习题) The body clock 小结：理工A在阅读理解部分的选题上通常出现的文章大都与科技有关，“环境保护和自然” “健康教育”方面的主题也是近年来选题的一个考虑点。三篇文章的难度是由易到难，通常会出现1-2篇文章“直接”来自职称用书。 职称英语A/B级常见词汇 athlete n. 运动员，体育家； Atlantic adj. 大西洋的；大西洋沿岸的（the Atlantic Ocean (the Atlantic)/大西洋）； atmosphere n. 大气，空气，气氛； attack n. /v.攻击，抨击，批评，(疾病)发作（ a heart attack /心脏病发作）； attempt n. (常与at, on, to连用)努力，尝试 v. (常与to连用)企图，尝试（attempt to do sth. /make an attempt to do sth. /试图做……）； attend v.出席(at)，参加，上(学，教堂)，侍奉（attend school /上学attend a lecture /听讲课）attention n. 注意，关心，关注，注意力（to pay attention to .../注意……）attitude n. 姿势，态度，看法，意见 （attitude towards/to .../对……的态度，看法）； attract vt. 吸引，引起(兴趣、注意等) （attract attention/引起注意 Like attracts like. /物以类聚。）attractive adj. 有吸引力的，漂亮的； attribute vt. 把……归因于(to)…… n. 属性，特质，标志（attribute...to.../把……归因于）； audience n. 听众，观众，读者（a large audience/很多观众）； author n. 作家，著者，创造者（best author/畅销书作者）； automatic adj. 自动的，机械的automobile n. (auto 自己+mobile 动)<主美>汽车(=<英>motor car, car)汽车，小汽车; available adj. 可用到的，可利用的，有空的（ available energy/有效能(量) be available for use/可加以利用）； average n. 平均，平均水平，平均数adj. 一般的，通常的，平均的v. 平均为，均分 （above the average/在一般水平以上，中上below the average/在一般水平以下，中下on the [an] average/平均）； avoid n. 避免；回避（ avoid meeting sb. /避开遇见某人 ）； awake v. (awoke 或 awaked, awaked 或 awoken) 叫醒，唤醒, 引起对…的兴趣 adj. 醒着的; aware adj. [用作表语]知道的； awful adj. 可怕的，非常坏的，使人敬畏的（ an awful accident/一次可怕的事故awful weather /恶劣的天气）； awkward adj. 笨拙的，难使用的，难以应付的(人)，尴尬的；bachelor （B） of Arts/文学学士bachelor of Science/理学学士bachelor’s degree/学士学位）； back n. 背，背部；后面 adv. 向后，在后面；(回溯)以前； v. (用金钱)资助；支持，援助adj. 早已过去的；过期杂志的；后面的（back and forth/往返，来回back to back /背靠背behind person’s back/背着某人go back to .../回到原来状况，回原处far back in the Middle Ages /远在中古时期put(或 turn) the clock back /倒拨时钟go back on/食言a back issue magazine /过期杂志back seat /后座back up/支持，援助）； background n. 背景；(个人出身、受教育)经历；（background music /背景音乐）backward(s) adj. 向后的；相反的； bacterium(B) n.细菌; be bad for .../对……有害have a bad cold /得重感冒go bad/变质不能食用； badly adv.不良地；恶劣地；严重地；]口]非常；迫切地, balance n. 天平，秤；平衡；余额v.使收支平衡；(使)平稳（ keep balance/保持平衡lost balance/失去平衡strike a balance between .../在……之间取得平衡be off balance/不稳）；bald (A)adj.光秃的, 单调的, 枯燥的; ban (banned; banning) n. /v. 禁止，取缔（lay [put] (a) ban on.../禁止(某事) lift [remove] the ban (on)/对……解禁 place [the] ...under ban/对……加以禁止）;bare adj. 赤裸的；无遮蔽的；空的barely adv.无遮蔽地；公开地；仅仅；几乎没有（ barely enough/勉强够barely escape/好不容易地才逃了出来）； base n. 底；基础；起点 v. (与on, upon连用)根据；基于（be based on/upon: 基于）basic adj. 基本的，根本的; 首要的； basis (pl. ) bases n. 基础；主要成分(或要素)（on the basis of/ 以……为基础）； bear n. 熊；粗鲁的人； (bore, borne) v. 负担；忍受; 生(孩子)；生产(农作物或水果) （ bear.. in mind/牢记..在心）； 例题解析1： 下面有2篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 Passage 1 Crystal Ear One day a friend asked my．wife Jill if I Wanted a hearing aid．“He certainly does．”replied Jill．After hearing about a remarkable new product．Jill finally got up the nerve to ask me if l’d ever thought about getting a hearing aid．“No way,”I said．“It would make me look 20 years older．” ‘‘No, no, ”she replied．‘‘This is entirely different．It’s Crystal Ear!” Jill was right．Crystal Ear is different—not the old-styled body worn or over-the-ear-aid, but all advanced personal sound system so small that it’s like contacts(隐形眼镜)for your ears．And Crystal Ear is super-sensitive and powerful．too．You will hear sounds your ears have been missing for years．Crystal Ear will make speech louder, and the sound is pure add natural． I couldn’t believe how tiny it is．It is smaller than the tip of my little finger and it’s almost invisible When worm．There are no wires, no behind—the-ear device．Put it in your ear and its ready—to-wear mold(形状)fits comfortably．Since it’s not too loud or too tight，you may even forget that you’re wearing it! Use it at work or at play．And if your hearing problem is worse in certain situations，use Crystal Ear only when you need it． Hearing loss，which Occurs typically prior to teenage years，progresses throughout one’s lifetime．A1though hearing loss is now the world’s number one health problem，nearly 90 percent of people suffering hearing 10SS choose to leave the problem untreated．For many millions， treating hearing loss in a conventional way can involve numerous office visits，expensive testing and adjustments to fit your ear．Thanks to Crystal Ear，the“sound solution”is now convenient．Almost 90 percent of people with mild hearing loss，and millions more with just a little‘hearing drop-off(下降)，can be dramatically helped with Crystal Ear．Moreover, its superior design is energy-efficient，so batteries can last months．Crystal Ear is now available to help these people treat their hearing loss with a small hearing amplifier(放大器)． 1 Initially the writer did not want t0 buy a hearing aid because A it would make him look old． B it would make him nervous． C it was too expensive． D it was old-styled． 2. Which of the following is NOT true of Crystal Ear7 A It is highly sensitive． B It is powerful． C It is invisible． D It is wireless． 3 One special feature of Crystal Ear is that A you can control its volume． B you needn’t take it off everyday． C it is solar-powered． D it saves power． 4. According to the passage，hearing loss is A only a minor health problem． B the world’s most common health problem． C merely a teenage disease． D an incurable disease． 5 Many people leave their hearing problem untreated because A it is not serious． B Crystal Ear is not yet available． C it is not easy to have it treated． D they don’t want to look old． 答案及解析： 1． 文章主题分析：Crystal Ear One day a friend asked my wife Jill if I wanted a hearing aid．“He certainly does．”replied Jill．After hearing about a remarkable new product, Jill finally got up the nerve to ask me if l’d ever thought about getting a hearing aid．“No way,”I said．“It would make me look 20 years older．” ‘‘No, no, ”she replied．‘‘This is entirely different．It’s Crystal Ear!” Jill was right．Crystal Ear is different—not the old-styled body worn or over-the-ear-aid, but all advanced personal sound system so small that it’s like contacts(隐形眼镜)for your ears．And Crystal Ear is super-sensitive and powerful．too．You will hear sounds your ears have been missing for years．Crystal Ear will make speech louder, and the sound is pure add natural． I couldn’t believe how tiny it is．It is smaller than the tip of my little finger and it’s almost invisible When worm．There are no wires, no behind—the-ear device．Put it in your ear and its ready—to-wear mold(形状)fits comfortably．Since it’s not too loud or too tight，you may even forget that you’re wearing it! Use it at work or at play．And if your hearing problem is worse in certain situations，use Crystal Ear only when you need it． Hearing loss，which Occurs typically prior to teenage years，progresses throughout one’s lifetime．A1though hearing loss is now the world’s number one health problem，nearly 90 percent of people suffering hearing 10SS choose to leave the problem untreated．For many millions， treating hearing loss in a conventional way can involve numerous office visits，expensive testing and adjustments to fit your ear．Thanks to Crystal Ear，the“sound solution”is now convenient．Almost 90 percent of people with mild hearing loss，and millions more with just a little‘hearing drop-off(下降)，can be dramatically helped with Crystal Ear．Moreover, its superior design is energy-efficient，so batteries can last months．Crystal Ear is now available to help these people treat their hearing loss with a small hearing amplifier(放大器)． 由上面划线句子的含义可以判断文章将讲述帮助人们改进听力状况的“水晶耳”，讲讲述其种种突出的特性。 2． 直接解题： 1 Initially the writer did not want to buy a hearing aid because A it would make him look old． B it would make him nervous． C it was too expensive． D it was old-styled． A．分析：细节题。借助题干问及的核心内容—“作者最初不想购买助听器”，在文章中进行答案的查找，这样发现答案相关句： One day a friend asked my．wife Jill if I Wanted a hearing aid．“He certainly does．”replied Jill．After hearing about a remarkable new product．Jill finally got up the nerve to ask me if l’d ever thought about getting a hearing aid．“No way,”I said．“It would make me look 20 years older．（该句内容直接揭示答案—怕戴上助听器后看上去显老）” ‘‘No, no, ”she replied．‘‘This is entirely different．It’s Crystal Ear!” 考点：考察代词（it）的指代内容. 2. Which of the following is NOT true of Crystal Ear? A It is highly sensitive． B It is powerful． C It is invisible． D It is wireless． C. 分析：借助常识猜测C可能不正确。注意到被选项中出现的都是形容词的结构，关注它们在文章中的出现，这样发现答案相关句： Jill was right．Crystal Ear is different—not the old-styled body worn or over-the-ear-aid, but all advanced personal sound system so small that it’s like contacts(隐形眼镜)for your ears．And Crystal Ear is super-sensitive and powerful．too．You will hear sounds your ears have been missing for years．Crystal Ear will make speech louder, and the sound is pure add natural． I couldn’t believe how tiny it is．It is smaller than the tip of my little finger and it’s almost invisible When worn．（almost invisible =/= invisible，所以判断C不正确）There are no wires, no behind—the-ear device． 考点：考察细节的查找和确认，考察代词的指代内容。 提示：忽略题干中出现的修饰词和文章中出现的修饰词往往是造成解题的错误选项的出现。 3 One special feature of Crystal Ear is that A you can control its volume． B you needn’t take it off everyday． C it is solar-powered． D it saves power． D．分析：问题问及水晶耳的一个特性，利用题干中出现的修饰词special作为答案线索，但是在文章中没有发现该词以及该词的近义词所以对照被选项中的核心词/结构在文章中进行查找确认，而被选项C和D在含义上有关系，猜测答案来自这两个选项中。 Almost 90 percent of people with mild hearing loss，and millions more with just a little‘hearing drop-off(下降)，can be dramatically helped with Crystal Ear．Moreover, its superior design is energy-efficient，so batteries can last months．（该句句意直接揭示D是答案）Crystal Ear is now available to help these people treat their hearing loss with a small hearing amplifier(放大器)． efficient adj.有效率的, 最经济的, 有能力的; 能胜任的 efficient methods经济而有效的方法 an efficient manager称职的经理 effective adj. 有效的, 有作用的, 有影响的, 生效的, 给人深刻印象的 take effective measures采取有效措施 考点：考察复合形容词结构(n-adj.)。 solar-powered; market-driven; 4. According to the passage，hearing loss is A only a minor health problem． B the world’s most common health problem． C merely a teenage disease． D an incurable disease． B分析：被选项涉及健康问题和疾病问题，利用被选项中出现的health problem 和disease作为答案线索，这样找到答案相关句： Hearing loss，which Occurs typically prior to teenage years，progresses throughout one’s lifetime．A1though hearing loss is now the world’s number one health problem，nearly 90 percent of people suffering hearing loss choose to leave the problem untreated．(该句内容直接揭示B（世界上最常见的健康问题）是答案) 考点：细节的查找和对短语“number one health problem”的理解。 5 Many people leave their hearing problem untreated because A it is not serious． B Crystal Ear is not yet available． C it is not easy to have it treated． D they don’t want to look old． C．分析：问题问及人们不治疗听力问题的原因，顺着上一题的答案位置往下找，这样发现答案相关句： A1though hearing loss is now the world’s number one health problem，nearly 90 percent of people suffering hearing loss choose to leave the problem untreated. For many millions， treating hearing loss in a conventional way can involve numerous office visits，expensive testing and adjustments to fit your ear．（比较剩下的被选项A，C和D，判断C最合适：原文说“对于数以百万的人来说，以传统的方式治疗听觉损伤问题包括去医院多次，昂贵的测试和调整助听设备以使其与你的耳朵配合工作”）Thanks to Crystal Ear，the“sound solution”is now convenient．Almost 90 percent of people with mild hearing loss，and millions more with just a little‘hearing drop-off(下降)，can be dramatically helped with Crystal Ear．Moreover, its superior design is energy-efficient，so batteries can last months．Crystal Ear is now available to help these people treat their hearing loss with a small hearing amplifier(放大器)．(该句内容反应B是错误的) 考点：考察考生的推断能力。例题解析2：<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />
Technology Transfer in Germany
When it comes to translating basic research into industrial success，few nations can match Germany．Since the 1940s，the nation’s vast industrial base has been fed with a constant stream of new ideas and expertise from science．And though German prosperity(繁荣)has faltered(衰退)over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east and west as well as the global economic decline，it still has an enviable(令人羡慕的)record for turning ideas into profit．
Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society, a network of research institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought-after technologies·But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition．Universities are taking an ever larger role in technology transfer，and technology parks are springing up all over．These efforts are being complemented by the federal programs for pumping money into start-up companies.
Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success，but it is not without its critics. These people worry that favoring applied research will mean neglecting basic science， eventually starving industry of flesh ideas．If every scientist starts thinking like an entrepreneur(企业家)，the argument goes，then the traditional principles of university research being curiosity．driven：free and widely available will suffer．Others claim that many of the programs to promote technology transfer are a waste of money because half the small businesses that are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years.
While this debate continues，new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germany’s research networks，which bear famous names such as Helmholtz，Max Planck and Leibniz．Yet it is the fourth network，the Fraunhofer Society，that plays the greatest role in technology transfer．
Founded in 1949, the Fraunhofer Society is now Europe’S largest organization for applied technology，and has 59 institutes employing 1 2，000 people．It continues to grow．Last year’it swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in Berlin．Today, there are even Fraunhofers in the US and Asia．
1 What factor Can be attributed to German prosperity?
A Technology transfer．
B Good management． ’
C Hard work．
D Fierce competition．
2 Which of the following is NOT true of traditional university research?
A It is free．
B It is profit-driven．
C It is widely available． ．
D It is curiosity—driven．
3 The Fraunhofer Society is the largest organization for applied technology in
A Asia．
B USA．
C Europe．
D Africa．
4 When was the Fraunhofer Society founded?
A In 1940．
B Last year．
C After the unification．
D In 1949．
5 The word“expertise’’in line 3 could be best replaced by
A “experts”．
B “scientists”．
C “scholars”．
D ‘‘special knowledge”．
答案与解析
1． 文章主题分析：Technology Transfer in Germany
When it comes to translating basic research into industrial success，few nations can match Germany．Since the 1940s，the nation’s vast industrial base has been fed with a constant stream of new ideas and expertise from science．And though German prosperity(繁荣)has faltered(衰退)over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east and west as well as the global economic decline，it still has an enviable(令人羡慕的)record for turning ideas into profit．（it指代前面出现的德国）
分析：划线句的内容揭示文章中心是“在德国的科技转换成生产”
2． 直接解题：
1 What factor Can be attributed to German prosperity???
What factor can people attribute German prosperity to?
What factor contributes to German prosperity?
A Technology transfer．
B Good management．
C Hard work．
D Fierce competition．
A．分析：问题问“那些因素造成了德国的繁荣”，发现A直接呼应文章中心，判断很可能是答案；注意文章中提到“德国出现繁荣原因”的句子，这样发现答案相关句：
When it comes to translating basic research into industrial success，few nations can match Germany．Since the 1940s，the nation’s vast industrial base has been fed with a constant stream of new ideas and exp 
考点：考察长句子的理解和代词指代内容。
2 Which of the following is NOT true of traditional university research?
A It is free．
B It is profit-driven．
C It is widely available． ．
D It is curiosity—driven．
B．分析：借助题干中的核心结构traditional university research作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success，but it is not without its critics. These people worry that favoring applied research will mean neglecting basic science， eventually starving industry of fresh ideas．If every scientist starts thinking like an entrepreneur(企业家)，the argument goes，then the traditional principles of university research being curiosity driven， free and widely available will suffer．（该句中惟独没有出现B（受到利益的驱使）的内容）
考点：长句子的理解。
3 The Fraunhofer Society is the largest organization for applied technology in
A Asia．
B USA．
C Europe．
D Africa．
C．分析：题干中出现了特征短语Fraunhofer Society，直接利用该短语作为答案线索，这样找到答案相关句：
While this debate continues，new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germany’s research networks，which bear famous names such as Helmholtz，Max Planck and Leibniz．Yet it is the fourth network，the Fraunhofer Society，that plays the greatest role in technology transfer．
Founded in 1949, the Fraunhofer Society is now Europe’s largest organization for applied technology，and has 59 institutes employing 1 2，000 people．(该句直接提供了与问题相关的信息，判断C是答案。)
考点：细节信息的查找和确认。
4 When was the Fraunhofer Society founded?
A In 1940．
B Last year．
C After the unification．
D In 1949．
D．分析：答案直接的送分题。借助解答上题获得的有关对Fraunhofer Society的了解，判断D是答案。
考点：分词结构。
5 The word“expertise’’in line 3 could be best replaced by
A “experts”．
B “scientists”．
C “scholars”．
D ‘‘special knowledge”
分析：首先找到该词在文章中的位置：When it comes to translating basic research into industrial success，few nations can match Germany．Since the 1940s，the nation’s vast industrial base has been fed with a constant stream of new ideas and expertise from science．（利用该词的搭配结构含义“来自科学的新的想法和。。”，对比被选项首先排除A和C（近义词），在剩下的被选项中判断D合适）
考点：考察并列结构含义的呼应，一致性。
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